Modelling of the Behaviour of Aramid Folded Cores Up to Global Crushing

Abstract: This study presents the basic ingredients needed to model the out‐of‐plane compression behaviour of a folded core up to the global peak load. This core is made of an aramid paper. The proposed approach is both experimental and numerical and handles the problem at different scales: fibre, paper and core scales. To have a good representation of the physics, two key points are essential. The first is the mechanical behaviour of the paper. The aramid paper can be modelled as a laminate composite. An experimental study of the paper behaviour in bending has been conducted to build a damage model for the paper. The second key point concerns the geometrical defects of the folded core. The defects, arising from the manufacturing process, are built by simulation of the folding process. The macroscopic behaviour of the core under out‐of‐plane compression loading is shown to be very sensitive to these defects. The results of a simulated crushing test are compared to experimental ones. A good agreement is shown.     

芳纶纸蜂窝复合材料车削工艺性研究

芳纶纸蜂窝复合材料的车削加工中,易出现结构破损及表观质量差等质量问题。研究从分析芳纶纸蜂窝材料车削加工工艺特性入手,讨论影响芳纶纸加工的关键因素,据此进行刀具选材及几何角度优化设计,设定合适的转速、进给量等车削工艺参数,提出了若干适合实际操作的工艺技巧,最大限度保证刀具刃部有效切断芳纶纸纤维,避免各种加工质量问题。     

Fabrication of a Flat Tubular Segmented‐in‐series Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Using Decalcomania Paper

A flat tubular segmented‐in‐series (SIS) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was fabricated using decalcomania paper. The performance of a two‐cell stack with 4.5‐mm‐wide electrodes was investigated in a temperature range of 650–800 °C. The decalcomania paper allowed fabrication of the SIS‐SOFC on all sides of the flat tubular support and achieve an effective electrode area larger than that obtained using typical SOFC fabrication techniques such as screen printing or slurry coating. SEM observations revealed that each component layer was flat, uniformly thick, and well adherent to adjacent layers. Measured values of open circuit voltages were very close to the theoretical values; confirming that the processing technique utilizing decalcomania paper is suitable for SIS‐SOFC fabrication. The power densities of the two‐cell‐stack were 437.4, 375.6, 324.6, and 257.1 mW cm⁻² at 800, 750, 700 and 650 °C, respectively.     

自动无芯复卷机的机构设计及仿真

对实现纸张无芯复卷的机械系统进行了研究,提出了实现纸张自动无芯复卷的策略,设计了无芯复卷的机械机构。基于纸张的扭转弹簧阻尼一质量梁模型,借助RecurDyn软件的MTT2D模块,对无芯复卷机构进行了建模仿真,讨论了不同设计参数对卷取机构性能的影响。基于机械最优设计数学模型,借助RecurDyn的AutoDesign模块对卷取机构进行了参数优化,改善了机械系统的性能。     

机械制图实训教学的探索和创新

在机械制图实训中采用基于工作过程系统化工学结合的项目式课程开发理念,以用企业真实的产品为载体,以先进制造技术为出发点,在制图实训中采用第三视角、标注国际标准、加强专业英语、融入工程结构设计、结合网络课程等来完成由草图、cad图纸、论文和演讲为主要成果的制图实训,有效提高了学生的专业能力、方法能力和社会能力,为制图实训教学提供一些可以借鉴的创新思路。     

电感耦合等离子体发射法测定造纸黑液中的硅

造纸黑液是造纸工业中碱法（烧碱法和硫酸盐法）制浆工艺产生的含有大量木质素的黑褐色液体。其中硅元素含量范围广。本文利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）测定了造纸黑液中硅含量。先干灰化法预处理样品,除去大部分有机成分,再用碳酸钠与硼酸的混合物作为熔剂在高温下熔融样品灰分中的硅。该方法精确可靠,可测定从痕量到百分含量的硅。方法的线性范围：0～10.0 mg.L-1;相关系数：r=0.9995;加标回收率：87.62%～93.03%;精密度：2.49～2.80%。     

局部放电作用下油浸绝缘纸的微观结构及电气性能

对局部放电损伤过程中油浸绝缘纸的微观结构及其与电气性能的关系进行研究。使用原子力显微镜和X射线衍射仪等材料分析手段与介电谱仪、高阻仪和柱-柱电极等电气分析手段相结合的方法,分析损伤过程中油浸绝缘纸分子链结构、聚集态结构及介电常数、介质损耗因数、体积电导率和电气强度。结果表明：损伤过程中,绝缘纸结晶区比无定形区更易受到局部放电破坏;结晶度呈上升趋势且晶粒取向加强,但晶粒大小、晶体类型和二相共存结构未发生改变;结晶度升高和晶粒取向加强造成介电常数、体积电导率和介质损耗因数呈下降趋势,但电气强度呈上升趋势;结晶和取向改变了分子、离子和电子的活动性,是造成电气性能变化的重要原因。     

变压器油中腐蚀性硫对铜导线及油浸绝缘纸特性影响

为研究变压器油中腐蚀性硫的存在对铜导线及油浸绝缘纸特性的影响,在实验室内对某现场已运行5年的尼那斯(Nynas)油进行了相关热老化分析。通过肉眼观察并利用扫描电镜、能谱分析等手段研究了油样老化过程中所添加铜线及绝缘纸表面的颜色变化、微观结构及元素组成;利用宽频介电谱测量了油浸绝缘纸老化前后损耗因数及介电常数的变化情况,并对绝缘纸的击穿强度进行了测试。结果表明,铜线表面的颜色变化表征了其被腐蚀的程度;变压器油中氧气浓度对二苄基二硫(DBDS)与铜导线在油中的反应无明显影响,但会影响硫化亚铜(Cu2S)在铜线、绝缘纸等表面的附着情况;Cu2S附着后会改变铜线的表面结构、绝缘纸的纤维分布,并导致油-纸复合绝缘介电性能下降。以上研究为进一步探讨变压器油中腐蚀性硫的危害及相关作用机理提供了必要的实验基础。     

助燃剂对卷烟纸及卷烟烟气的影响研究

通过在卷烟纸上添加柠檬酸的钾、钠、镁和锌盐,采用透气度检测、同步热分析和卷烟烟气检测3种方法,研究卷烟纸助燃剂对卷烟纸和卷烟烟气的影响。结果表明:①4种柠檬酸盐在热态下能够提高卷烟纸的透气度,其中钾盐和钠盐提高的幅度较大;②在卷烟纸热解时,4种金属元素能够降低纤维素的热解活化能,其中钾和钠元素的催化作用较为明显;③在4种柠檬酸盐中,钾盐降焦和降CO的作用最为显著。     

Oxygen‐Free Highly Conductive Graphene Papers

Graphene papers have a potential to overcome the gap from nanoscale graphene to real macroscale applications of graphene. A unique process for preparation of highly conductive graphene thin paper by means of Ar⁺ ion irradiation of graphene oxide (GO) papers, with carbon/oxygen ratio reduced to 100:1, is presented. The composition of graphene paper in terms of carbon/oxygen ratio and in terms of types of individual oxygen‐containing groups is monitored throughout the process. Angle‐resolved high resolution X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy helps to investigate the depth profile of carbon and oxygen within reduced GO paper. C/O ratios over 100 on the surface and 40 in bulk material are observed. In order to bring insight to the processes of oxygen removal from GO paper by low energy Ar⁺ ion bombardment, the gases released during the irradiation are analyzed by mass spectroscopy. It is proven that Ar⁺ ion beam can be applied as a technique for fabrication of highly reduced graphene papers with high conductivities. Such highly conductive graphene papers have great potential to be used in application for construction of microelectronic and sensor devices.